Sexual knowledge, attitude and associated factors among primary and middle school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the awareness of sexual knowledge among primary and secondary school students, as well as their attitudes towards school sex education and to provide a reference for school-based sex education.@*Methods@#A total of 5 531 primary and secondary school students were selected from Beijing, Chongqing, Heilongjiang (Harbin and Jiamusi) and Hubei (Wuhan and Xiaogan) by stratified cluster sampling and were investigated with self-reported questionnaire.@*Results@#Sex-related knowledge scored 62.33±19.35, with a pass rate of 61.9%, and the excellent rate 17.5%. Sexual knowledge of junior high school students scored 64.30±19.07, with the pass rate of 64.7%, and the excellent rate 22.0%. A large proportion of primary students reported unaware of pubertal growth and HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, and a large proportion of junior high students unaware of reproductive physiology. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed region, grade, gender, and suburban areas were related to the level of sexual knowledge(P<0.05). More than 76.0% primary students and 85.9% middle school students agreed on the importance of school sexuality education. 59.7% of primary school students and 73.3% of junior high school students hoped to include school sexuality education in compulsory education courses; 59.8% of primary school students and 68.3% of junior high school students felt that school sexuality education should be equipped with specialized teachers.@*Conclusion@#Chinese primary and secondary school students are lack of sexual knowledge. As students have strong wills to get more information on sexual knowledge, schools should provide them with more comprehensive and effective sex education through appropriate courses and activities.

Analysis of the needs of students, parents and teachers for comprehensive sexuality education content / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the needs of primary and secondary school students, parents and teachers for comprehensive sexuality education content, and to explore the applicability of comprehensive sexuality education content in China.@*Methods@#By using the method of stratified cluster sampling, 5 571 primary and middle school students and 4 835 parents from Beijing, Chongqing, Heilongjiang (Harbin and Jiamusi) and Hubei (Wuhan and Xiaogan) were selected for questionnaire survey. Depending on the physical health monitoring points of various provinces and cities, 176 sexuality education related teachers in nine regions were surveyed. The development of the questionnaire was based on the content framework of comprehensive sexuality education proposed in the International Technical Guidelines for Sexuality Education.@*Results@#Students had a higher demand for knowledge on the concepts of "relationship" (53.4% for primary school students, 57.6% for junior high school students) and "health and well-being skills" (71.1% for primary school students, 55.9% for junior high school students). Parents had higher demand for most comprehensive sexuality education content with the exception of lower need for "sex and sexual behavior (74.7% of primary school parents, 80.8% of junior high school parents)" and "sexual and reproductive health (primary parents 74.3%, junior high school parents 75.8%)". Teachers had a high demand for most comprehensive sexuality education content, but primary school teachers had a lower need for "values, rights, culture and sex(65.9%)", "sex and sexuality(60.1%)" and "sexual and reproductive health(66.8%)". The results of correspondence analysis showed that junior middle school teachers had the highest demand for comprehensive education content, followed by primary school parents, junior middle school parents, primary school teachers, junior middle school students and primary school students.@*Conclusion@#Teachers and parents have a higher demand for most comprehensive sexuality education content, while lower demand for some relatively sensitive content. Students have a relatively low demand for comprehensive sexuality education content. It is recommended to further improve the content of school sexuality education based on the actual needs of China.

Super-resolution image reconstruction algorithm based on projection onto convex sets and wavelet fusion / 生物医学工程学杂志

In this paper a new super-resolution image reconstruction algorithm was proposed. With the improvement of the classical projection onto convex sets (POCS) algorithm, as ground work, and with the combined use of POCS and wavelet fusion, a high resolution CT image was restored by using a group of low resolution CT images. The experimental results showed: the proposed algorithm improves the ability of fusing different information, the detail of the image is more prominent, and the image quality is better.

ECG pattern classification by feature searching algorithm based on maximal divergence / 生物医学工程学杂志

This paper presents a method of using feature searching algorithm based on maximal divergence value to get the optimized feature combinations at different dimensions from feature space. Feature space is obtained through wavelet transform on ECG beat. Then the feature vector is determined by analyzing the changes of divergence value of those optimized feature combinations along with the dimensions. BP artificial neural network is trained by the feature vector and four types of ECG beats(normal beat, left bundle branch block beat, right bundle branch block beat and paced beat) obtained from MIT-BIH database are classified with a success of 93.9%.

Measurement of body surface Laplacian ECG and its signal processing / 生物医学工程学杂志

Surface Laplacian of the body surface potential (Laplacian ECG--LECG) is a new approach to resolve spatially distributed bioelectrical source. In this paper, we discussed an LECG sensor which integrated triple concentric ring electrodes and signal adjustor on a printed board. The LECG is measured directly by this sensor. The frequency, amplitude and phase of the power line interference were detected by a nonlinear adaptive filter so that interference was eliminated. The wavelet shrinking technique was used to eliminate the rest of random noise. And we got the high quality LECG signal. It laid the foundation for heart disease diagnosis.

Evaluation of back muscle function based on EMG time-frequency spectrogram analysis / 生物医学工程学杂志

EMG has been extensively used to study function of back muscle, which plays an important role in the objective assessment of occupational low back pain, yet the inherent large variability of EMG signals across subjects produced by reasons already known or unknown may mask true biological differences. Some useful parameters abstracted from 8-channel EMG signal in time-frequency domain are used or proposed and calculated in this paper to decrease this variability, when comparing the possible difference between low back pain patients and normal control group. The calculation of instantaneous median frequency is improved to decrease the interruption of background noise, and different power densities in EMG time-frequency spectrogram are observed in two tested groups.

Application of independent component analysis to ECG cancellation in surface electromyography measurement / 生物医学工程学杂志

Surface electromyogram usually incurs severe influence of strong electrocardiography (ECG) signal. This paper presents a novel denoise method using independent component analysis (ICA) to remove the interference of ECG from sEMG recordings. The present study removed the ECG in independent components decomposed from the sEMG by a high-pass filter that kept the useful information as more as possible during ECG cancellation. The filtering ICA ECG cancellation results were compared with the simulated pure sEMG in time and frequency domain, which suggested that the ICA ECG cancellation with 30Hz high-pass filter would be the most appropriate method to extract the useful sEMG signals from multi-channel sEMG measurement. The kurtosis is used to measure the nongaussianity of signal; it may beused as a standand for automatic determination of the independents of ECG or EMG.

Development of Micro-invasive Blood Glucose Detector Based on SPR / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop a new portable micro-invasive blood glucose detector.Methods With a high-performance MCU C8051F060 as the core,the system is composed of SPR biosensor,step-motor,vacuum pump and a lattice-style liquid crystal module.With multi-task RTOS,RTX51-TINY,the system realizes blood measurement.Results Microinvasive and real-time acquisition and detection for the body's blood glucose can be fulfilled.Conclusion This detector has the characteristics of small size,high-speed and accurate detection,so it has a nice application foreground.

Development of constant-temperature-and-humidity test box used in medicament stability experiment / 医疗卫生装备

This article introduces a constant-temperature-and-humidity test box, which, with a high-performance Aduc812 singlechip as the core, is composed of an integrated temperature and humidity sensor, a serial keyboard controller and a lattice-style liquid crystal module. With balance control mode of temperature an d humidity, PID control, temperature and humidity decoupling applied, the high-r esponse-speed and high-precision control can be fulfilled.

Data acquisition system of Laplacian ECG based on USB / 医疗卫生装备

A type of data acquisition system of Laplacian ECG based on USB is introduced in this paper. The principle of hardware and method of software designing are explained. This system not only possesses very high CMRR, but also realizes the collection and transmission of Laplacian ECG signals in real time. This system is valuable in practice.